Bhangra Essay Essays

Bhangra Essay Essays Bhangra Essay Paper Bhangra Essay Paper Bha?g?a ( Punjabi: ( Gurmukhi ) . ( Shahmukhi ) . ( Devanagari ) ; articulated [ dad? ] ) is a signifier of move and music that started in the Punjab part. [ 1 ] Bhangra move started as an ordinary citizens move led by Punjabi Sikh husbandmans ( Jatts ) to watch the happening to the harvest season. The particular moves of Bhangra mirror the mode where townspeople cultivated their property. This move craftsmanship further got orchestrated after the divider of India. at the point when displaced people from various pieces of the Punjab shared their everyday citizens hits the dance floor with people who lived in the parts they settled in. This intercrossed move became Bhangra. The ordinary citizens move has been advocated in the western universe by Punjabi Sikhs [ 2 ] and is found in the West as a look of South Asiatic human progress overall. [ 3 ] Today. Bhangra move gets by in various signifiers and habits everywhere throughout the Earth †including father music. film soundtracks. university rivalries and even blessing appears. Bhangra move depends on a Punjabi average citizens dhol round called ‘bhangra’ vocalizing and the round of the dhol membranophone. a solitary stringed instrument called the iktar ( ektara ) . the tumbi and the chimta. Bhangra music in any case. is a signifier of music that began in 1980s in Britain. The specialist vocals are little matches written in the Punjabi etymological correspondence called bolis. They identify with current issues looked by the vocalists and ( dil di lady ) what they really need to state. In Punjabi average folks music. the dhol’s littler cousin. the dholki. was about ever used to flexibly the boss round. These days the dhol is utilized all the more regularly in like manner individuals music by the by in bhangra dholki is as yet liked. with and without the dholki. Additional percussion. counting tabla. is less frequently utilized in bhangra as a performance instrument yet is now and again used to append to the dhol and dholki. The dholki membranophone frames in Bhangra music bear a partner comparability to the beat in Reggae music. This beat fills in as a typical yarn which takes into consideration simple mixing together between Punjabi ordinary citizens and Reggae as exhibited by such imaginative people as the UK’s Apache Indian. [ 4 ] [ 5 ] In the late sixtiess and 1970s. a few Punjabi Sikh groups from the United Kingdom set the stage for Bhangra to go a signifier of music on the other hand of being only a move. The achievement of numerous Punjabi innovative people situated in the United Kingdom. made a fanbase. divine new imaginative people. furthermore, discovered huge aggregates of help in both East and West Punjab. These innovative people. some of whom are as yet dynamic today. incorporate. Heera Group. Alaap. A. S. Kang and Apna Sangeet. Bhangra has created as a blend of moves from various pieces of the Punjab part. The term â€Å"Bhangra† now alludes to a few kinds of moves and humanistic orders. counting Jhumar. Luddi. Giddha. Julli. Daankara. Dhamal. Saami. Kikli. what's more, Gatka. * Jhumar. initially from Sandalbar. Punjab. contains an of import segment of Punjab average citizens legacy. It is an agile move. in view of a particular Jhumar beat. Artists hover around a membranophone member while singing a delicate ensemble. * An individual executing the Luddi move topographic focuses one manus behind his caput and the other in forepart of his face. while shaking his caput and weaponries. He normally wears a field free shirt and influences in a snake-like mode. Like a Jhumar terpsichorean. the Luddi terpsichorean moves around a dhol member. * Womans have an alternate and a lot milder move called Giddha. The terpsichoreans establish verses called bolis. stand foring a wide variety of points - everything from proclamations with a sister-in-law to political individual businesss. The beat of the move relies upon the membranophones and the handclaps of the terpsichoreans. * Daankara is a move of celebration. regularly performed at nuptialss. Two work powers. each keeping bright staffs. move around one another around while tapping their stays together in beat with the membranophones. * Dancers other than structure a circle while executing Dhamal. They other than hold their weaponries high. upset their shoulders and caputs. furthermore, cry and screech. Dhamal is a genuine society move. stand foring the chest of Bhangra. * Women of the Sandalbar part customarily are known for the Saami. The terpsichoreans dress in splendidly hued kurtas and full streaming skirts called lehengas. * Like Daankara. Kikli highlights supports of terpsichoreans. this clasp grown-up females. The terpsichoreans cross their weaponries. keep each other’s guardianships. also, spin around singing average folks vocals. At times four misss fall in guardianships to execute this move. * Gatka is a Punjabi Sikh soldierly craftsmanship where individuals use edges. sticks. or then again stickers. History specialists accept that the sixth Sikh master began the craft of Gatka after the suffering of fifth master. Master Arjan Dev. Any place there is a major Punjabi Sikh populace. there will be Gatka members. as often as possible including little children and adults. These members typically perform Gatka on specific Punjabi get-aways. In add-on to these various moves. a Bhangra open introduction regularly contains numerous lively tricks. The most mainstream stunt is known as the Moor. or on the other hand Inachis io. in which a terpsichorean sits on someone’s shoulders. while another individual bents from his trunk by his legs. Two-man towers. pyramids. also, varying spinning stunts are other than mainstream. [ 16 ] Outfits Conventional work powers wear a chaadra while making Bhangra. A chaadra is a bit of texture folded over the midriff. Work power other than wear a kurta. which is a long Indian-style shirt. In add-on. work powers wear pagadi ( other than known as turbans ) to cover their caputs. In current occasions. work powers other than wear turla. the fan connected to the pagadi. Vivid petticoats are worn over the kurta. Fumans ( little balls appended to ropes ) are worn on each arm. Womans wear a conventional Punjabi gown known as a salwar kameez. long baggy bloomerss tight at the mortise joint ( salwar ) and a long beautiful shirt ( kameez ) . Ladies other than wear chunnis. beautiful bits of texture folded over the cervix. These focuses are on the whole extremely bright and vivacious. stand foring the rich country colourss of Punjab. [ 17 ] Besides the abovementioned. the Bhangra gown has various parts that are recorded underneath in thing: * Turla or Torla. which is a fan like embellishment on the turban * Pag ( turban. a characteristic of pride/respect in Punjab ) . This is tied in any case than the conventional turban one sees Sikhs disintegration in the road. This turban must be tied before each show * Kurta †Similar to a silk shirt. with around 4 catches. truly free with weaved structures. * Lungi or Chadar. A free undergarment tied around the dancer’s midriff. which is regularly truly decorated. * Jugi: A vest. without any catches. * Rumal: Small ‘scarves’ worn on the fingers. They look extremely rich and are solid when the authorities move during the class of bhangra open introduction. . . furthermore, you can see an introduction of a bhangra dhol drummer. costumed and going all out. Blending to Sanjay Sharma. in her article. [ 11 ] she clarifies/brings up the way that Bhangra speaks to Asians and is alluded to today as Asian music which represents the colossal being of Asiatic wear and non to advert images as part of their customary dress/outfits Instruments A wide range of Punjabi instruments add to the sound of Bhangra. In spite of the fact that the greater part of import instrument is the console. Bhangra other than highlights a collection of twine and other membranophone instruments. The essential and a large portion of import instrument that characterizes Bhangra is the dhol. The dhol is a major. high-bass membranophone. played by pulverizing it with two sticks †known as daggah ( profound terminal ) and tilli ( soprano terminal ) . The broadness of a dhol covering is around 15 crawls when all is said in done. furthermore, the dhol member holds his instrument with a tie around his cervix. The twine instruments incorporate the guitar ( both acoustic and electrical ) . bass. sitar. tumbi. fiddle and sarangi. The snare. Toms. dhad. dafli. dholki. what's more, damru are different membranophones. The tumbi. initially played by average folks inventive people, for example, Lalchand Yamla Jatt and Kuldip Manak in obvious ordinary citizens accounts thus broadly aced by chamkila. an observed Punjabi average citizens vocalist ( non bhangra vocalist ) . is a high-tone. single-string instrument. It has just one twine. by and by it is difficult to get the hang. The sarangi is a multi-stringed instrument. somewhat like the fiddle and is played using meends. The sapera produces a wonderful. piercing wiry round. while the supp and chimta include an abundance. light solid to Bhangra music. At long last. the dhad. dafli. dholki. what's more, damru are instruments that produce more rhythms. be that as it may, with considerably less bass than the dhol membranophone.

Tragedy in Tom Brennan Essay Example for Free

Catastrophe in Tom Brennan Essay Question: It is difficult to stay away from strife throughout everyday life, except this disaster was preventable. Do you concur? Do you accept that catastrophes just transpire? In the novel ‘The story of Tom Brennan’, by JC Burke, she features in the most serious way that disasters do happen. My conclusion to the current issue is that catastrophes do occur. There will consistently be unavoidable clash andI concur with the main proclamation in the passage. On the off chance that you consider the occasions that occurred in the novel, you will comprehend that the story line is certainly not a glad one. As portrayed by JC Burke, the novel layouts distress in numerous occurrences, bitterness in the method of Nicole and Luke’s families. Despite the fact that these feelings are sketched out there is still brilliant and cheerful feelings included. It is difficult to dodge struggle; it is simply a question of the measure of disaster you get. The measure of contention you get can likewise think about a person’s character, how they react and handle in any case horrendous issues. On the off chance that you can remain solid through the extreme occasions throughout everyday life, you can conquer the impediments that are tossed at you. There are numerous stages an individual experiences during times of catastrophe; it shifts between individuals, religions and races. A portion of the stages are gloom, being so miserable you can’t discover any exit plan. Outrage is another, giving you miss the individual/s so much fury assumes control over your life. These are only a portion of the stages one experiences during catastrophe. Clearly the mishap in the novel is a catastrophe, anyway there was unquestionably carelessness engaged with the occasions that occurred the evening of the mishap. Daniel was inebriated and the travelers realized that so I question the judgment of them, never the less the obligation lies with the driver and for this situation it is Daniel. His activities prompting the passing of his companions Nicole and Luke were inadmissible, likewise his activities lead to the hindrance of his cousin Fyn. His cousin Fyn was one of his incredible companions, they did everything together, played for a similar rugby crew, preparing close by one another and just by and large making some extraordinary memories. Presently however Fyn isn't able to do he ones had the option to do. He will no longer share his energy for rugby he once had, in spite of the fact that he would offer anything to play there is no other option for him.

Social Capital Creation and Sustainable Relationship among Stakeholder Dissertation

Social Capital Creation and Sustainable Relationship among Stakeholder in Construction Business in Thailand - Dissertation Example The other goal of this examination is identified with the making of practical connections in the middle of the partners of the associations working its business in the development modern division of Thailand. Thus, the past works identified with the significance of such sort of partner connections in associations can end up being a lot of supportive in leading the current research study. Furthermore, different sorts of business connections that can be found in an association with uncommon reference to social relationship characteristics found in Southeast Asian countries and Thailand will likewise be talked about here. This examination study will attempt to assemble a model identified with social capital controlled by organizations working in the development business of Thailand which can end up being invaluable for the related organizations in Thailand. Along these lines, this writing audit will offer experiences to a portion of the current hypotheses and models identified with soci al capital. Every one of these realities will assist with achieving the examination destinations of this investigation using the writing audit as talked about in this area. 2.2 The Importance of Social Capital Many observational investigations have been directed with respect to the significance of social capital and have been referenced in the current writing by various writers. A wide scope of financial wonder identified with the significance of social capital can be found in huge numbers of the current writing introduced by different writers (Durlauf, 2002, pp. 1-31; Krishna, 2001, pp 71-93). Research on social capital has brought about different hypothetical discussions and diverse observational examinations being directed. This again has brought about giving a boost towards reevaluating realities identified with human relations, hierarchical structures for formative execution and life quality, systems, and so on. The significance of hypothesis identified with social capital is p erceptible in light of the use of the idea of social capital in different fields and its broad enthusiasm among various associations and its partners. The current investigations and writing offers approach to abundant confirmations with respect to the political, social and financial ramifications of social capital. Notwithstanding, as per Halpern et al. (2002), there are ambiguities or misspecifications identified with the models or conditions that have been used to gauge the effects of social capital. Subsequently, the social and financial results that emerge dependent on the exact proof identified with the significance and centrality of social capital should be managed alert. Without having a thorough strategy detailed to gauge the significance of social culture, it isn't clear concerning how those advantages related with social capital can be tried or discovered (Halpern, 2001, pp. 236-251). In any case, it very well may be found as an astonishing reality that the

Globalization in the middle east Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Globalization in the center east - Essay Example As of late, cooperation in globalization has been an extraordinary contributing component in getting steady monetary development in the Middle East. Globalization and its significance in monetary advancement have had an incredible impact both on the security of the locale and the worldwide money related framework. The Middle East area should figure out how to utilize globalization to their advantage. All together for the locale to pick up incorporation into the worldwide economy, it is basic to get globalization and its effect on Middle East (Schaeffer 67). In this way, it is essential to decide the effect of globalization and the discernment from the Middle East area. Globalization alludes to the spread of customs, perspectives, thoughts that began in an unmistakable piece of the world. The issue of globalization supposedly has begun from the Western nations. The Middle East has sound reasons regarding why they didn't grasp globalization. It is anything but difficult to compare glob alization with westernization. Locales, for example, Africa, Europe and South America were to a lesser degree increasingly open to westernization and globalization. They had the idea that they were at that point western parts. The Middle East nations didn't need any relationship toward the West so this prompted a postponement in them grasping globalization. Globalization was identified with what was recently named as modernization. This was an allowance of faith based expectations that tested the conventional standards. In this way, globalization was seen as a significant danger to convention and this was esteemed most by the Middle East locale. Globalization is viewed as an inescapable power that changes the essence of the world. The world apparently is a little town where everyone figures out how to live and connect with one another. Since the origination of globalization, separation and time ideas have changed. Globalization is a pattern; this can be seen as a chance and furtherm ore a danger. Most systems in Middle East locale didn't invite globalization quite well. A significant benefactor was the absence of key change and strength in the locale (Schaeffer 109). There has been a not insignificant rundown of issues that been experienced by the Middle East religion, they face political, affordable, social and military issues. Practically all the states in the Middle East began to revamp in the only remaining century. The area has been confronted with long stretches of debates as no one appears to acknowledge their limits. There is a low force strife that is by all accounts steady in this locale. The state framework in the Middle East district depended on the ground of the low force strife so they had no domineering force. This prompted an intercession of outside forces to come and resolve this contention In request to defend the region’s security. Concerning globalization, the United States in the main in globalization though the Middle East is respec ted one of the least globalized locales. The test to encourage globalization is clear at the state level in the Middle East. This is by all accounts a basic issue with respect to the remainder of the world. Most likely there is no region on the planet that has grasped globalization not exactly the Middle East. This is because of the way that the restriction developments, greater part of systems and the intelligent people in the area have all been enemy of â€globalization. The Middle East have consistently depended on brutality in their antiâ€globalization battle. Most nations in this locale have promptly acknowledged the guideline of

Robert Lee Frost Was An American Poet English Literature Essay Essay Example

Robert Lee Frost Was An American Poet English Literature Essay Example Robert Lee Frost Was An American Poet English Literature Essay Robert Lee Frost Was An American Poet English Literature Essay Article Topic: Poes Poetry The Poetry of Robert Frost Robert Lee Frost, named after his male guardians symbol Robert E. Lee, was conceived on March 26, 1874 in San Francisco, California. He was destined to William Prescott Frost Junior and Isabelle Moodie Frost. William and Isabelle had met while filling in as educators to a little school in Lewiston, Pennsylvania. The two were hitched March 18, 1875 and settled in San Francisco, California. William was a writer, fruitless legislator, and instructor while Isabelle was other than educator. Isabelle was a settler of Scots line of plummet while William was plunged from New England heredity. William s male parent, Robert Lee Frost s gramps, was Nicholas Frost who had come to New Hampshire on board the Wolfana from Tiverton, Devon, England in 1634. William was the oldest of the pair who brought forth his more youthful sister, Jeanie, two mature ages in this manner. Albeit happy with their little family unit, different inconveniences, both physical and passionate started to endeavor Isabelle and William s marriage. William was a peculiar alky with extremely unusual tendencies and inquisitive affinities. He was an uproarious, dictator writer who at any point conveyed a rifle ; it was noticed that he other than kept a profane container of salted bull testiss in clear situation on his work area. Ice s female parent was the polar antonym of her hubby however non in a positive aspect. Isabelle was an unrealistically mild-mannered grown-up female who was perpetually battling her overwhelming wretchedness. The couple s various characters caused a lot of anxious strained quality and hardship during their mature ages of marriage. These conflicts in their marriage caused an expansion in William s effectively over the top intoxicants consumption which prompted his sad expire in 1885 from TB when Robert was twelve. William had expressed, preceding his badly coordinated perish that he wished to be covered in his place of birth of Massachusetts. Wishing to bring through his finishing up petitions, Isabelle moved with Robert and Jeanie over the territories and settled in her late hubby s old neighborhood of Lawrence, Massachusetts with his folks. Subsequent to taking care of her late hubby s obligations and going in with his folks, Isabelle started learning in the middle of school in Salem, New Hampshire. Robert and Jeanie were students at the in the middle of school where their female parent instructed. The family unit balanced properly to their distinctive life. Isabelle and Robert even turned into an individual from the Swedenborgian church despite the fact that the last left as an adult. It was around this clasp Robert found his capacities as a creator. While go toing Lawrence High School, Robert advanced his initial two endeavors at writing in the school newssheet. Despite the fact that non generally evaluated, his two stanza structures gave an establishment to his from this point forward in writing. In 1892, Robert moved on from Lawrence High School as co-valedictorian to his classmate Elinor White. Robert enlisted for Dartmouth College in the wake of moving on from Lawrence High School. Robert s school experience was halted unexpectedly after not exactly a semester when he un-selected to happen work somewhere else. Eccentrically, he was selected long bounty to be acknowledged into Theta Delta Chi organization. After his un-enlistment, he discovered salary in making numerous little occupations. He started filling in as a paper bringing male youngster, a light fibril modifier, a work factory specialist, and as a teacher at the school where his female parent educated. Despite the fact that these occupations acquired a touch of start of pay, they left him encountering hidden. Robert realized that his actual energy was in his poesy. Robert was non only ineffective in his lovely closures, yet he was non making great impractically either. Since the time their graduation in 1892, Robert had been looking to catch individual co-valedictorian Elinor White. Despite the fact that Robert was extremely true in his affection he was as yet dismissed by Elinor. On one case he had attempted to prevail upon her by offering her a book of his poesy. She was obviously non truly dazzled on the grounds that she turned him down one time again. Feeling troubled by his occupation misfortune, school discharge, and sentimental disappointments Robert was encircled by wretchedness. He had been ineffective at printing any decent poesy. Other than he was as yet incapable to acquire the affection for Elinor White. Perceiving at that spot was non much for him in his present situation he endeavored to do a modification. He stuffed a couple of minor necessities and brought an excursion down south to Dismal Swamp situated around the North Carolina-Virginia nation. Inauspicious Swamp, notwithstanding its tough home ground and unwelcoming name, was a frequently visited by an arrangement of individuals. Numerous artists would see this topographic point for considerations so as to do verse chest interference and love strivings. Robert went at that place with expectations of holding a comparable encounter. Initially Robert had the expectations of executing implosion as a sensational terminal to his life, yet he was halted by an open door br ush. He happened upon a gathering of duck huntsmans and depleted clasp with their gathering. The clasp he went through with them gave him another mindset on life. After dispensing cut with the duck huntsmans he favored with a train ticket by his female parent and brought place back. He did non enter what truly occurred in the marsh, however the greater part of the occasions were noted in his stanza structure Kitty peddle . This excursion to the Dismal Swamp appeared to hold had some result. After his arrival from Dismal Swamp, Robert had his first section structure distributed. The Independent, a New York paper, was the 1 who distributed his first piece, My Butterfly . Not simply was his expert life get bringing down however he was holding a superior sentimental life each piece great. He proposed marriage to Elinor one time again and this clasp she acknowledged yet she wished to obtain her evaluation from St. Lawrence University before marriage. He had started to go to Harvard University and keeping in mind that there he and Elinor were hitched December 19, 1895. For the accompanying two mature ages, he contemplated expansive humanistic trains yet in the wake of encountering eager he dropped out and tried to happen a superior life for him and Elinor. Preceding his perish, Robert s gramps had left an old homestead for Robert in his will. The ranch was situated in Derry, New Hampshire and it was here where Robert and Elinor began their family unit.

2018 Freshmen Denials - UGA Undergraduate Admissions

2018 Freshmen Denials - UGA Undergraduate Admissions 2018 Freshmen Denials We plan to make the final wave of freshman decisions available today, March 16th in the late afternoon timeframe. Unfortunately, we are not able to admit a number of strong applicants as we are limited in the size of our freshman class. We know that you have a number of other strong college options and suggest you focus on the other great opportunities that are ahead rather than on a denial from UGA. If your ultimate goal is to graduate from the University of Georgia, then we suggest you look at transfer opportunities down the road. For now, focus on your current college options, find one that fits you best, and have a great freshman year there. Please read ourDenied Student FAQif you have questions.If you decide to contact us next week, please understand that we will not be able to give you a specific reason for a denial, as in this process we have looked at everything within an applicants file, and the overall reason is really that the overall applicant pool is very large and very strong. Things to Remember: UGA does not use the GPA from a HS transcript, but instead we calculate our own HS GPA based on core academic courses. In our holistic review, we also look at grade trends. UGA looks closely at academic rigor, specifically what a student will take over four years as compared to what is available. This is not based simply on the number of AP/IB/DE courses, but instead we look at the overall coursework over four years and the progression of rigor over those four years. When we are looking at activities in the holistic review (clubs, sports, pt work, artistic activities, etc.), we are looking at depth and time commitment in these areas in addition to the actual organizations. Please remember that this is not a blog where you should post statistics or throw fellow classmates under the bus. These types of comments will be deleted.

Finding Your Best Fit School Spotlight on NYU

These Are a Few of Our Favorite Things... This week, our Executive Assistant, Amanda, shares what she loved about attending New York University in New York City, New York: It’s a struggle to identify just one thing that made my NYUexperience so special. So many different memories play out in my mind — the lively debates in my Gallatin School seminars, trying to get a tan in between classes in Washington Square Park, late night trips to Spanish Harlem with my sorority sisters in search of the best tacos in New York, stumbling upon hidden salsa clubs in the East Village, even the all-nighters in Bobst Library (still one of the best libraries I’ve ever visited). I realize that it’s hard to separate these experiences into either an â€Å"NYU† category or a â€Å"New York† category. This is because, as founder Albert Gallatin said, NYU is truly â€Å"in and of the city† of New York. As an NYU student, I had the city and all it has to offer at my fingertips. All of my classes were conducted within the context of New York’s rich history and cultural scene. As a student in the Gallatin School of Individualized Study, I spent my four years of college independently designing and implementing an interdisciplinary plan of study. Ultimately, this plan of study became a concentration that I call â€Å"Political Communication,† and without the resources of New York City, this concentration would not have been nearly as comprehensive. My internships at the New York State Democratic Committee and the New York City Council were as rewarding as my classroom experiences. My classroom learning was supplemented by experiences such as lectures on religion in media, visits to multimedia exhibitions at the Asia Society Museum, and even trips to view the Colbert Report as part of the live studio audience (for my political communication lecture, naturally)! But the one thing that challenged and inspired me the most were my fellow students. So many different people with the most varied backgrounds come to NYU in pursuit of the ultimate college experience. If there is one thing that NYU is not, it’s homogenous, just like the city itself. The unique perspectives and talents of the students around me taught me more about myself and my passions than I could have hoped for. I feel so lucky to have spent my college years living and learning alongside some of the most interesting and accomplished people I have ever met. Just like the residents of New York, the students of NYU are an incredibly diverse and impressive group. But if you look around and see the thousands of purple robes in Yankee Stadium on Commencement Day, you’ll see that we are all united by our NYU violet. Insider Tip: New York City can seem daunting and lonely when you first arrive, but if you take advantage of NYU’s comprehensive student life programs, you’ll be sure to find a niche within the school. From the Chicken and Rice Club, to Greek Life, to the planning committee for the annual Strawberry Fest, there’s definitely a place for everyone. It’s often said that NYU doesn’t have a â€Å"real† campus, but in reality, NYU’s campus is centrally located and the campus community is quite tight-knit. My participation in this community gave me so many practical skills that I still use today, in addition to serving as a fun way to meet new and interesting people.

My Modern Hero - 1943 Words

David Fowler Mr. VanDeventer World Literature A 13 October 2017 Modern Hero Essay In this world, there are many heroes living amongst us. They all look like regular, everyday people, but they are so much more than that. Even though they look normal, the things that they do for other people are extraordinary. The proper definition for a hero is, â€Å"a person who is admired or idealized for courage, outstanding achievements, or noble qualities.† But, a hero is someone who goes out of their way to help someone in need. For example, someone who gives food to the poor, helping kids with their homework, donating some of your salary to a charity, being a great role model, or just being nice to people constantly out of the kindness of their heart.†¦show more content†¦For example, Lionel Messi donated money to the country Syria to help out those in need while they were involved in their civil war. According to Jack Austin from the article Independent, â€Å"Messi’s foundation helped to build 20 classrooms for schools in Syria, with the invaluable work helping over 1,600 children caught up in the horrific civil war back into education. Over 60% of children in the Syrian schools where the fund has helped build new classrooms have been displaced since the conflict began in 2011.† This is important because Lionel Messi helped over 1,600 thousand children get education even though, due to the war they were unable to get education because most of the schools were destroyed. Also, before the war they had few schools to begin with because Syria is not the richest, so this allowed many kids to get an education and it helped the country out a lot. This just shows how good of a person he is and how he has impacted so many lives with his generosity and kind heart, and this is just one example of one good thing he has done so far. 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As Claudio metaphorically asks, ‘can the world buy such a jewel Hero is portrayed as an object and someoneRead MoreThe Heroes Of The Epic Of Gilgamesh1215 Words   |  5 PagesHeroes and heroines have been gargantuan archetypes from prehistory to present. In modern times, the prominent heroes in literature and media are that of Harry Potter, Superman, Wonder Woman, and much more. There is good reason for this. In today’s sense, heroes and heroines are the epitome of what humans want in themselves. Noble, kind, selfless; these are all traits that embody the modern hero. This was not always the case, however. In ancient literature, the heroes are not good role models, mostRead MoreBeowulf : Characteristics Of An Epic Hero978 Words   |  4 Pages20/11/ 17 Beowulf: Characteristics of an Epic Hero In Anglo-Saxon literature and culture, to be considered a hero was to also be considered a warrior/ soldier. To be a hero, you had to not only be strong but you also had to be smart, and have plenty of courage. These warriors were willing to face any type of trials and tribulations at any odd. These types of heroic warriors would fight to the death to obtain glory and save their people. The Anglo-Saxon hero needed to possess all of these characteristicsRead MoreThe Iliad Vs. Troy1692 Words   |  7 PagesIliad 500 years after the Trojan war in 750 BC. An adaptation of the Homers’ Iliad is David Benioff’s 2004 film, â€Å"Troy† directed by Wolfgang Petersen, which chronicles the fates of the men involved without heavily implying Greek religion to fit the modern audience. Whilst both mediums of the war differ, there are some similarities which suit each of the intended audiences. A theme which both adaptations involve is the ancient Greek idea of Kleos (Eternal Gl ory) which can be seen by two of the Heroes

The Tyranny Of White Majority Essay - 1511 Words

The United States, even though considered the land of freedom, has been struggling with lingering racism and discrimination throughout the 19th and 20th century. Democratic reform throughout the century were implanted to eliminate the â€Å"tyranny of the white majority† Yet many scholars like Tocqueville, Fredrick Harris and WEB DuBois have challenged these results. The reality is that the tyranny of white majority has continued throughout the 18th to the 21st century resulting in a society that has suppressed and constantly failed to integrate African American into the white society by neglecting the race, using natural prejudice, race neutral policies, and laws that benefited whites more than African Americans. Even before the 13th amendment and emancipation of slaves, small reforms in the northern states were being implemented to create a true free society. One would argue that these reforms were the first steps of a liberal reform that would lead to the eventual equality amongst the two races but what is forgotten is that even though reforms were passed the white majority had a natural prejudice. Tocqueville explains what makes the natural prejudice was the disgrace the African American ethnicity received by being forced as slaves. This slavery was based on race rather than being like ancient slavery which had nothing to do the face of a person (PG 400). The African Americans who were considered free during the that were still disgraced because as Tocqueville said freeShow MoreRelatedThe United States Is An Effective System Of Government Essay1386 Words   |  6 Pagesnobody can gain too much power over the rest. When the founding fathers were drafting the constitution they were referri ng to a person or a group when referring to â€Å"Tyranny†. Unfortunately tyranny has arisen in the United States, but not in the way anyone expected, race has become a form of tyranny. The tyrannical white majority has been a large influence in the United States ever since inception and have been substantially prevalent around events in the US like reconstruction, civil rights movementRead MoreWomen, Liberty And The Pursuit Of Happiness Essay1197 Words   |  5 Pagesracial equality and reform still remains a prevalent issue in the United States. Authors like Alexis De Tocqueville, W.E.B DuBois, and Frederick Harris albeit from different time periods believed democratic reforms failed to eliminate the ‘tyranny of the white majority’ and the United States has continued to provide evidence to confirm that belief. For most of the 19th century slavery was established a backbone that kept the southern farming economy stable. Democracy in America documents De Tocqueville’sRead MoreThe Tyranny Of The Prevailing Opinion And Feeling977 Words   |  4 PagesThe existence of â€Å"the tyranny of the prevailing opinion and feeling† (Mill 4) also constrains an individual’s personal liberty. In On Liberty, Mill wrote that â€Å"the mass do not now take their opinions from â€Å"the mass do not now take their opinions from dignitaries in Church or State, from ostensible leaders, or from books. Their thinking is done for them by men much like themselves† (63). Mill believed that the majority in the society tends to impose their own ideas and practices onto other peopleRead MoreThe Quantitative Article, Donaldson, Sue And Will Essay1153 Words   |  5 Pagesand the Threat of Tyranny. Canadian Journal of Political Science 47 no.1 (2014): 23-45. http://resolver.scholarsportal.i nfo/resolve/00084239/v47i0001/23_ubacattot,† pertains to domesticated animal’s having the right to be considered citizens. However, this article was written as a rebuttal to an earlier journal article by Emma Planinc, â€Å" ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬ Democracy, Despots and Wolves: On the Dangers of Zoopolis s Animal Citizen†. â€Å"Unruly Beasts: Animal Citizens and the Threat of Tyranny† provides the readerRead MoreHow Did the Constitution Guard Against Tyranny?1299 Words   |  6 PagesWith a broken system in place, why was it important that a group of wealthy, white men from the thirteen original states, except for Rhode Island, frame a government that would be strong enough to serve the new nation, but not create any form of tyranny? The first constitution, The Articles of Confederation, was an agreement among all thirteen states that was drafted on July 12, 1776 and completed its formal ratification in March of 1781. It allowed thirteen states to set up cent ral organizationsRead MoreThe American Civil War: Interpretations of Democracy Essay1415 Words   |  6 Pagesfoes† (Lincoln, 1861, 22). The Confederacy, in its endeavor to secede from a larger authority, represented the tyranny of the minority that Lincoln so greatly feared would result in the eradication of government controlled by the public. The minority, in this instance, was the small number of wealthy slaveholders dominating the interests of the whole, making an effort to force the majority to go along with what it is that they desire and what is beneficial to their individual interests. Lincoln questionedRead MoreFreedom : Freedom Of Speech And Freedom Of Speech1167 Words   |  5 Pagesleague, are standing as one team during the national anthem. However, a few NBA players such as Kevin Durant and Stephen Curry are demonstrating freedom of speech by expressing their anger towards the Donald Trump and declining their invitation to the White House this year. Racial ine quality in our country was much worse in the mid twentieth century, however freedom of speech allowed this country to make significant progress. Martin Luther King Jr’s of freedom of speech allowed African Americans to liveRead MoreThe Constitution Of The United States1632 Words   |  7 Pagesdecisions on the laws that impact the county. While the citizens did elect the officials they have little control over what the officials do after they are elected. The original constitution prior to amendments lacked democracy in that it was limited to white males as the sole citizens able to vote for officials. â€Å"The Fifteenth Amendment prohibited the discrimination on the basis of race in determining voter eligibility† (Edwards, 58). The Nineteenth Amendment gave woman the right to vote. These amendmentsRead MoreEssay about Madisonian Majorities1643 Words   |  7 Pageswhen it comes to majorities and minorities, majorities tend to overpower minorities. Guinier makes a great point when she brings up, Madisonian Majorities, which are minorities working with the majority to achieve a solution. By working in this format, we could achieve so much more in much peaceful ways. Madisonian majorities could be best applied to a democracy, because both the majority and minority can work together to satisfy the needs of its citizens. Madisonian Majorities helped shape countlessRead MoreThe Development to The United States Constitution Essay1643 Words   |  7 PagesPlan was chosen, and the Constitution was adopted. The Constitutional delegates wrote the Constitution with the goals of creating commensurate representation, answering the question of state sovereignty, and ensuring a government that was free from tyranny. The Articles of Confederation were ratified in 1781, and the United States government operated under them for eight years. From 1776 through 1787, two political parties dominated in America – the Federalists and the Nationalists. Led by Alexander

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Bushwick Center For Rehabilitation And Healthcare Essay

Bushwick Center for Rehabilitation and Healthcare The Facility The Bushwick Center is a skilled nursing facility (SNF). It is both rehabilitation and nursing facility. Clients typically get occupational and physical therapy services in the facility. Other support services include social services, medical, and dietary/nutrition. Fieldwork Assignment Bushwick Center has a recreational therapy department. I was assigned to that department for my level 1 fieldwork. The activities director together with several recreational therapist staff members runs the department. The main focus of the department is engage clients in meaningful and leisurely activities within their stay. They have daily activities scheduled and spread throughout the week. The activities calendar is updated every month. I was a student volunteer for the department and the scope of our volunteer work was to assist staff members when they have an activity scheduled during the day. Playing movies, listening to different kinds of music, coffee/ tea time, celebrating important events throughout the year are routine activities that they do in the department to help clients engage in social events. The recreation department also gives clients the opportunity to participate in arts and crafts. Majority of the clients in the recreation department pre fers to engage in arts and crafts. Currently, there are no occupational therapy practitioners in the recreation department. This is a really good area to explore

A Chronicle of the Plague Free Essays

The Black Death: A Chronicle of the Plague by Johannes Nohl (1882–1963) is an illustrative book that traces down the flux of plague and its effects in Europe over the centuries. It examines this malady from historical and sociological perspective. The major contribution of Johannes Nohl is that he does not rely on secondary sources but has researched the contemporary chronicles to locate the pathos and miseries that this epidemic afflicted on the populations of Europe over the centuries. We will write a custom essay sample on A Chronicle of the Plague or any similar topic only for you Order Now Scope of work is both intensive and extensive as he has provided an in-depth study that encompasses four centuries (1337-1720) and a vast geographical area from Western Europe to Russia and from Nordic ice-burgs to the Mediterranean Sea. In addition to being a historian, Johannes Nohl was also a psychoanalyst. So The Black Death: A Chronicle of the Plague is not a mere chronicle of the plague its effects but also it further analyzes the socio-cultural, psychological and economic effects of this epidemics on the whole European civilization that persist in certain societies hitherto. It beautifully blends the comprehensive accounts of the pandemic that caused almost 40 million deaths a single century during the fourteenth century alone with durable socio-cultural impact. The book also locates that how people countered these epidemics and what practical measures were adopted to tackle the problem at large scale. Nohl illustrate that Black Death changed the patterns of life and affected all facets of culture as people migrated from one geographical location to the other to escape themselves from this epidemic. First two chapters, The Aspect of the Plague and The Precursors of the Plague describe the nature of plague as it was understood by the contemporary societies. Nohl has explored through contemporary chronicles that Plague was considered a celestial phenomenon as plague use to visit the European societies sporadically in the form of a natural disaster. Furthermore, Nohl explores that most usual route of these epidemics were from India to Central Asia and then to Europe through trade groups and in Europe it used to spread along with waterways in the shape of a natural catastrophe. In the next two chapters The Medical Profession and Plague Remedies, Nohl discovers the available medical remedies in the medieval societies and how medical professionals reacted to it. Contemporary chironicles suggest that mostly people used to rely on religious conviction and pilgrimages rather than visiting a doctor. Most medical treatment was based on plant extracts. Availability and affordability of medicines were another problem due to mass scale spread and impact of the disease. Nohl looks into the various other socio-political aspects of the epidemic. For example, aadministrative precautions mostly included individual and group exclusion from the community of the hale and hearty. A systematic effort in this regards was not possible as plague used to erupt abruptly, so it was administered intermittently. Nohl has not only provided the official and royal manuscripts and chronicles but to present the conditions and miseries of the general public, he has included chronicles of travelers, contemporary historians. These clearly manifest that plague had different effects of different social classes and each class was treated in a different way both socially and administratively. In addition to socio-cultural and political effects, epidemic of plague had cast their disturbing impact on the worldview Christian community. Church responded in its own way to the pandemic. The Church labeled it as a reaction of sins and their only remedy was ritualistic deliverance that would purge the sins. So ritualistic practices were used to organize at the individual and collective level. Some other Christian followers were of the view that world is overtaken by the evil as Divinity itself was a friend of mankind and how it could afflict it with such pathos and miseries. Another section of orthodox sect, The Luciferians were of the view that God had toppled down Lucifer, their lord, and had taken over heaven. So this is a natural response of this tragedy. (Nohl 1924, 161-163). Some other compared the disease as an Arial and celestial phenomenon that was beyond the strength and capacity of mankind. This view was further reinforced by the fact that prior to the Black Death, in 1117, the eruption of plague was coincided with a cosmic phenomenon that medieval mind was unable to comprehend. Nohl states in this regard that In 1117, in January, a comet passed like a fiery army from North toward the orient, the moon was o’ercast blood-red in an eclipse, a year later a light appeared more brilliant than the sun,. This was followed by great cold, famine and plague, of which one-third of the humanity have said to have perished. Nohl further describes same coincidences in 1568, 1582 and 1606 when Netherlands, Prague and Vienna were badly affected with plague. This shaped the general mentality that plague is an extra human phenomenon and mankind had no control over it. The social fabric of the whole European society was transformed by these notions and beliefs. Nohl depicts that beside human causalities, first social causality was breakdown of social order. There was â€Å"an incapacity to believe that so uncanny a disease as the plague could be attributable to natural causes† which led â€Å"the fateful misconception of [its] artificial production† (Nohl 171). This belief molded their worldview and they become more recluse and a believers in the fictitious remedial rituals. Nohl also illustrates an interesting but tragic fact that plague was intentionally passed on to others. He located the motive for this deliberate infection as infectants did not want to undergo the agonies alone. Furthermore, it was common belief that one could liberate oneself of his contagion by transmitting it to others (Nohl 171). Nohl also provides evidences when someone infected his/her rival or enemy due to sheer malice and enmity. Sometime, Lutherans were blamed for this curse but more often Jews were labeled as propellants of this deadly disease. So they were persecuted on mass level to purge the society from this malady but it is a fact that Jews used running streams for their sanitary purposes unlike Christian who used contaminated public wells that were often a prime cause for dispersal of various diseases. Toward end, the book has an interesting chapter, The Erotic Element in the Plague that relation sexuality with deadly disease. This book covers all aspects of Black Death pertaining to the contemporary medieval societies and all these are supported with the contemporary chronicles. It not only provides a synopsis of whole epidemic history but provides an in-depth analysis of the entire phenomenon. References Nohl, Johannes. 1924. The Black Death: A Chronicle of the Plague. Translated by C. H. Clarke. New York: Harper and Brothers Publishers. How to cite A Chronicle of the Plague, Papers

A Chronicle of the Plague Free Essays

The Black Death: A Chronicle of the Plague by Johannes Nohl (1882–1963) is an illustrative book that traces down the flux of plague and its effects in Europe over the centuries. It examines this malady from historical and sociological perspective. The major contribution of Johannes Nohl is that he does not rely on secondary sources but has researched the contemporary chronicles to locate the pathos and miseries that this epidemic afflicted on the populations of Europe over the centuries. We will write a custom essay sample on A Chronicle of the Plague or any similar topic only for you Order Now Scope of work is both intensive and extensive as he has provided an in-depth study that encompasses four centuries (1337-1720) and a vast geographical area from Western Europe to Russia and from Nordic ice-burgs to the Mediterranean Sea. In addition to being a historian, Johannes Nohl was also a psychoanalyst. So The Black Death: A Chronicle of the Plague is not a mere chronicle of the plague its effects but also it further analyzes the socio-cultural, psychological and economic effects of this epidemics on the whole European civilization that persist in certain societies hitherto. It beautifully blends the comprehensive accounts of the pandemic that caused almost 40 million deaths a single century during the fourteenth century alone with durable socio-cultural impact. The book also locates that how people countered these epidemics and what practical measures were adopted to tackle the problem at large scale. Nohl illustrate that Black Death changed the patterns of life and affected all facets of culture as people migrated from one geographical location to the other to escape themselves from this epidemic. First two chapters, The Aspect of the Plague and The Precursors of the Plague describe the nature of plague as it was understood by the contemporary societies. Nohl has explored through contemporary chronicles that Plague was considered a celestial phenomenon as plague use to visit the European societies sporadically in the form of a natural disaster. Furthermore, Nohl explores that most usual route of these epidemics were from India to Central Asia and then to Europe through trade groups and in Europe it used to spread along with waterways in the shape of a natural catastrophe. In the next two chapters The Medical Profession and Plague Remedies, Nohl discovers the available medical remedies in the medieval societies and how medical professionals reacted to it. Contemporary chironicles suggest that mostly people used to rely on religious conviction and pilgrimages rather than visiting a doctor. Most medical treatment was based on plant extracts. Availability and affordability of medicines were another problem due to mass scale spread and impact of the disease. Nohl looks into the various other socio-political aspects of the epidemic. For example, aadministrative precautions mostly included individual and group exclusion from the community of the hale and hearty. A systematic effort in this regards was not possible as plague used to erupt abruptly, so it was administered intermittently. Nohl has not only provided the official and royal manuscripts and chronicles but to present the conditions and miseries of the general public, he has included chronicles of travelers, contemporary historians. These clearly manifest that plague had different effects of different social classes and each class was treated in a different way both socially and administratively. In addition to socio-cultural and political effects, epidemic of plague had cast their disturbing impact on the worldview Christian community. Church responded in its own way to the pandemic. The Church labeled it as a reaction of sins and their only remedy was ritualistic deliverance that would purge the sins. So ritualistic practices were used to organize at the individual and collective level. Some other Christian followers were of the view that world is overtaken by the evil as Divinity itself was a friend of mankind and how it could afflict it with such pathos and miseries. Another section of orthodox sect, The Luciferians were of the view that God had toppled down Lucifer, their lord, and had taken over heaven. So this is a natural response of this tragedy. (Nohl 1924, 161-163). Some other compared the disease as an Arial and celestial phenomenon that was beyond the strength and capacity of mankind. This view was further reinforced by the fact that prior to the Black Death, in 1117, the eruption of plague was coincided with a cosmic phenomenon that medieval mind was unable to comprehend. Nohl states in this regard that In 1117, in January, a comet passed like a fiery army from North toward the orient, the moon was o’ercast blood-red in an eclipse, a year later a light appeared more brilliant than the sun,. This was followed by great cold, famine and plague, of which one-third of the humanity have said to have perished. Nohl further describes same coincidences in 1568, 1582 and 1606 when Netherlands, Prague and Vienna were badly affected with plague. This shaped the general mentality that plague is an extra human phenomenon and mankind had no control over it. The social fabric of the whole European society was transformed by these notions and beliefs. Nohl depicts that beside human causalities, first social causality was breakdown of social order. There was â€Å"an incapacity to believe that so uncanny a disease as the plague could be attributable to natural causes† which led â€Å"the fateful misconception of [its] artificial production† (Nohl 171). This belief molded their worldview and they become more recluse and a believers in the fictitious remedial rituals. Nohl also illustrates an interesting but tragic fact that plague was intentionally passed on to others. He located the motive for this deliberate infection as infectants did not want to undergo the agonies alone. Furthermore, it was common belief that one could liberate oneself of his contagion by transmitting it to others (Nohl 171). Nohl also provides evidences when someone infected his/her rival or enemy due to sheer malice and enmity. Sometime, Lutherans were blamed for this curse but more often Jews were labeled as propellants of this deadly disease. So they were persecuted on mass level to purge the society from this malady but it is a fact that Jews used running streams for their sanitary purposes unlike Christian who used contaminated public wells that were often a prime cause for dispersal of various diseases. Toward end, the book has an interesting chapter, The Erotic Element in the Plague that relation sexuality with deadly disease. This book covers all aspects of Black Death pertaining to the contemporary medieval societies and all these are supported with the contemporary chronicles. It not only provides a synopsis of whole epidemic history but provides an in-depth analysis of the entire phenomenon. References Nohl, Johannes. 1924. The Black Death: A Chronicle of the Plague. Translated by C. H. Clarke. New York: Harper and Brothers Publishers. How to cite A Chronicle of the Plague, Papers

Supply Chain Management Practice of Ikea †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Supply Chain Management Practice of Ikea. Answer: Overview Of The Case Supply chain management is regarded as the process of managing all interrelated business activities through which flow of goods and services are managed. Further, it is considered as the chain through which products are purchased for production purpose and ultimately it reaches to the target markets who are the ultimate buyers(Waters Rinsler, 2014). For every type of business operating in the market, it is necessary to manage its supply chain in an effective manner so that right kind of good can be offered to the customer as per their expectation. The present report is based on analyzingsupply chain management practice of Ikea where the company has 27 trading offices in 23 countries, 15 customer distribution centers and 33 distribution centers. The Company is headquartered in Netherlands that is indulged into the practice of designing and selling ready to assemble furniture, home accessories and kitchen appliances. The environment where Ikea operates is highly competitive, and its main competitors are online and retail furniture stores(Sandybayev, 2017). The main focus of the organization is on offering the wide range of products that are of high quality. Considering the supply chain practice of Ikea, it undertakes different stages and involves primary, secondary and tertiary sectors that are involved in procurement of raw material, production, distribution, retail sales, etc. Competitive Strategy Of Ikea Considering the supply chain practice of Ikea where operations are carried out with the help of three different stages that involves primary, secondary and tertiary. Through effectivemanagement of supply chain, the key goal of business is to ensure customer satisfaction and providing them remarkable purchase experience. In the stores of Ikea different products are available where they can easily choose the best product that meets with their requirement. The packaging of the product is also done in the different manner that contains instructions and all the necessary information regarding products. Along with this additional facilities are provided to the customers that involve children play area, food court, mini cinema, etc(Jonsson, Rudberg, Holmberg, 2013). This strategy allows the company to influence purchase behavior of its customers. The key competitive strategy undertaken by Ikea is product diversification and cost leadership which has been considered with the help of its supply chain practice. The company strongly focuses on decreasing cost of production with the help of reducing wastage, decreasing operational error, integration of stakeholders, etc. Apart from this product diversification as one of the strategy is also employed where with the help of innovation new furniture items are developed. So, this competitive strategy has allowed the company to deal with the issue of competition prevailing in the market(Stadtler, 2015). Supply chain practice of Ikea starts with sales and demand planning followed by marketing planning and supplier capacity and load planning. All these activities are undertaken with the motive to provide proper convenience to the target market, and it has enhanced the overall performance of Ikea in the market. Key Points Of Ikea Supply Chain Above shown is the supply chain of Ikea that highlights the key activities involving central planning, distribution services, and retail. The suppliers of the company are present in 50 countries, and Ikea has developed the strong relationship with them through trust, transparency and another form of aspects(Sezen, 2008). The key points associated with the supply chain practice of Ikea are as follows: Purchasing and logistics activities are integrated within the business Segregation of the process into primary, secondary and tertiary sectors that is engaged into production, distribution, raw material and retail sales to the end customers. Emphasize on key aspects such as sustainability and quality, affordability, accessibility etc. At the time of dealing with partners main stress is on efficient production and working a lot to reduce logistics cost(Mangan Lalwani, 2016). Raw materials are sourced from the suppliers in the market at lowest price. Suppliers adhere to the IWAY code through which quality standards are met by the company. Adoption of automated system to manage inventory and this leads to efficient utilization of the main resources of the business. Activities that are associated with the order fulfillment process are carried out by Ikea range and supply where main tasks are plan, source, make, deliver, return and enable Ikea relies on e-wheel tool with the motive to evaluate the environmental impact of its products. Around 50% of Ikea 9,500 products are manufactured with the help of wood or wood fibers. This is one of the most effective resource form sustainability point of view(Lockamy III McCormack, 2004) Many designs of the products are developed by the company where the main motive behind the same is to reduce the use of materials. For instance some tables are manufactured with the help of recycled plastic etc. Stores of the company add value to the produced goods and this allows in providing remarkable experience to the customers in every possible manner. So, these are some of the key highlights of the Ikeas supply chain that makes it different from other companies operating in the market. How Company Delivers Value In order to deliver remarkable value to the customers, various strategies have been employed by Ikea. For determining the level of customer satisfaction, various aspects are undertaken by the company such as returned products, number of products and the recommendations received from the customers(Jacobs, Chase, Lummus, 2011). The company delivers value by providing proper assistance to the target market in the form of facilities such as food court, mini area, supervised children play area, etc. This supports in providing the high level of experience to the customers in every possible manner and enhances company performance. Apart from this, packaging of the products is done conveniently through self-assembly flat packs that contain necessary instructions. The main strategies of the company involve cost leadership and product diversification. This is the main reason due to which majority of the customers are highly satisfied with the product range of Ikea and in turn company is able to gain the competitive edge through this(Halldrsson, Kotzab, Skjtt-Larsen, 2009). The actual value is delivered to the target market with the help of high-quality product of different designs that are manufactured with the help of advanced technology. So, these are some of the key methods employed by Ikea in order to deliver value to the target market. Order Processing Strategy Of Ikea The order processing strategy of Ikea takes into consideration various tasks that are carried out by Ikea. The plan is the first stage where Ikea identifies the production requirement as per demand for its products in the market and determining the relevant cost along with the logistics required. Next crucial stage is the source where company orders the raw materials required from different suppliers(Ganesan, George, Jap, Palmatier, Weitz, 2009). Make is the next stage where the resources present are allocated in the production process where manufacturing takes place in line with the quality along with the quantity requirement. Further, deliver is another stage where large numbers of distribution processes are undertaken with the motive to deliver products to the sales outlets, storage units to the end customers(Ayers, 2006). Return is another stage where customers are provided warranty for the products they purchase. In case if any product has any default then it is possible for them to return the goods and through this company provides them appropriate convenience. At last is the enable stage where integration of all the members in the supply chainmanagement process takes place, and it is ensured whether IWAY code is appropriately followed or not(Chopra Meindl, 2007). All the staff members are involved in the innovation process, and this contributes a lot to the success of the enterprise. These are some of the key stages of the ordering process of Ikea through which company is able to deliver appropriate products to the target market and has allowed performing better as compared with other companies operating in the market. Summary Of The Case And Recommendation The entire case has supported in knowing about the supply chain management practices of Ikea that are quite effective. The key stages such as primary, secondary and tertiary are effective through which right kind of product is delivered to the target market. Apart from this, for delivering high value to the target market additional facilities are rendered to the customers such as mini cinema, children play area etc. Further, company welcomes suggestions from its customers that are associated with the product development. Moreover, some effective ways are present through which Ikea can improve its supply chain practice and they are as follows: Ikea supply chain strategy must be more flexible so that it is possible to change its supply chain practices frequently and in lesser period of time. Heavy reliance must be on advanced tools and techniques so that efficient production can be carried out that can save cost and in turn product of unique design can be developed easily which is beneficial for the company and customers also. A Large number of factors are present that influences supply chain strategy of Ikea and it is necessary for the company to ensure well in advance that all the influencing factors are well maintained and satisfied too. References Ayers, J. B. (2006). Handbook of supply chain management. Florida: CRC Press. Chopra, S., Meindl, P. (2007). Supply chain management. Strategy, planning operation. Das summa summarum des management , 265-275. Ganesan, S., George, M., Jap, S., Palmatier, R. W., Weitz, B. (2009). Supply chain management and retailer performance: emerging trends, issues, and implications for research and practice. Journal of Retailing, , 84-94. Halldrsson, ., Kotzab, H., Skjtt-Larsen, T. (2009). Supply chain management on the crossroad to sustainability: a blessing or a curse?. . Logistics Research , 83-94. Jacobs, F. R., Chase, R. B., Lummus, R. R. (2011). Operations and supply chain management . New York: McGraw-Hill Irwin. Jonsson, P., Rudberg, M., Holmberg, S. (2013). Centralised supply chain planning at IKEA. . Supply Chain Management: An International Journal , 337-350. Lockamy III, A., McCormack, K. (2004). The development of a supply chain management process maturity model using the concepts of business process orientation. Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, , 272-278. Mangan, J., Lalwani, C. (2016). Global logistics and supply chain management. New jersey: John Wiley Sons. Sandybayev, A. (2017). Strategic Supply Chain Management Implementation: Case Study of IKEA. Noble International Journal of Business and Management Research , 5-9. Sezen, B. (2008). Relative effects of design, integration and information sharing on supply chain performance. Supply Chain Management: An International Journal , 233-240. Stadtler, H. (2015). Supply chain management: An overview. In Supply chain management and advanced planning (pp. 3-28). Berlin: Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Waters, D., Rinsler, S. (2014). Global logistics: New directions in supply chain management. London: Kogan Page Publishers.

Elasticity Essay Research Paper IntroductionElasticity is the free essay sample

Elasticity Essay, Research Paper Introduction Elasticity is the reactivity of demand or supply to the alterations in monetary values or income. There are assorted expressions and guidelines to follow when seeking to cipher these responses. For case, when the per centum of alteration of the measure demanded is greater so the per centum alteration in monetary value, the demand is known to be monetary value elastic. On the other manus, if the per centum alteration in demand is less than so the per centum alteration in monetary value, Like that of demand, supply plants in a similar manner. When the per centum alteration of measure supplied is greater than the per centum alteration in monetary value, supply is know to be elastic. When the per centum alteration of measure supplied is less so the per centum alteration in monetary value, so the supply so demand is known to be monetary value inelastic. The undermentioned text is existent universe illustrations of these economic rules. They have been provided to construct a span between current economic state of affairss and economic rules of snap. The Demand for Lotto: The Role of Conscious Selection In this article is a treatment about the snap of demand for lottery tickets. Time series informations was used in a manner in which the expected value of the lottery ticket would change due to rollovers ( Farrel 1 ) . It was found that there are far more rollovers than expected given the lottery design ( Farrel 1 ) . There was besides some strong grounds found that supported that persons did non pick their Numberss in a unvarying affair. The reverse supply map was found by utilizing estimations that enabled them to place the demand snap ( Farrel 1 ) . This analysis was based on the U.K. National Lottery that came about November 1994. With this in head we realize that because game designs are similar throughout the universe, these findings are more widely relevant ( Farrel 1 ) . The monetary value snap of demand for lottery tickets shows that demand varies depending on the expected return from a winning ticket ( Farrel 1 ) . From this we deduce that this snap is relevant to the design of the lottery ( Farrel 1 ) . The manner that the demand snap is derived is by comparing the rollover hebdomads with the non-rollover hebdomads. By making this, the normal demand is recorded during the non-rollover hebdomads to see what level the demand is normally at. Then from at that place they can see how the demand increases as the lottery rolls over. Depending on rollovers for this survey poses a job. Rollovers should happen infrequently go forthing the opportunity of non holding adequate discrepancy in the informations to make a dependable estimation ( Farrel 2 ) . However, one of the surprising inside informations of the information is that rollovers occurred more on a regular basis so if it was generated by # 8220 ; statistical opportunity # 8221 ; ( Farrel 2 ) . What this means to the U.K. lottery is that when ticket gross revenues are at their average degree of 65 million with a 6-ball lottery ; there is a one per centum opportunity of rollover. Bing that a high rollover rate is common in to all lotto games, the U.K. lottery yielded 19 rollovers from the 116 draws that were studied ( Farrel 2 ) . The ground for this high rate of rollovers is that the people that are taking the Numberss are taking them in a non-uniform manner. This means that they cover a smaller scope of combinations with their Numberss. This besides helps in explicating why when person does win there is normally more than one victor ( Farrel 2 ) . The Elasticity of Demand for Lotto Tickets And the Corresponding Welfare Effectss This article did a survey utilizing the first 254 hebdomads of the Florida Lottery. The survey shows grounds of the Florida Lottery monetary value snap being close integrity. This happens when using a step of bingo ticket monetary value that is superior to that used by others ( Mason 1 ) . From these consequences it may be, in comparing to other provinces, that Florida has room to increase the odds to increase the monetary value snap of demand to the revenue-maximizing degree ( Mason 1 ) . Price Elasticity of Demand and an Optimum Cash Discount Rate in Credit Policy The proviso of a hard currency price reduction in puting up recognition footings is tantamount to a decrease in monetary value. By and large, it is assumed that when a hard currency price reduction is administered it will ensue in a higher degree of gross revenues. This premise is merely consistent with monetary value elastic demand ( Rashid 1 ) . If the demand of a merchandise is deemed monetary value inelastic, so a hard currency price reduction will take down gross revenues ( Rashid 1 ) . # 8220 ; Frantz Viscione ( 1976 ) , in a study of over 100 U.S. fabrication houses, show that the debut ( and in some instances the riddance ) of a hard currency price reduction led to more ( or less ) net incomes for some houses, less ( or more ) net incomes for some other houses and no alteration in profitableness for the leftover houses. These findings are consistent with the differential effects of the hard currency price reduction in state of affairss of elastic, inelastic, and unitary elas tic demand ( Rashid 1 ) . # 8221 ; When lookin g at the instance of either elastic or inelastic demand, the proviso a hard currency price reduction adds another benefit ( cost ) to be considered during the analysis of the finding of an optimum hard currency price reduction rate ( Rashid 1 ) . Regardless, there is still a degree of inelasticity where all the fringy additions from a hard currency price reduction are precisely outweighed ( Rashid 1 ) . Price snap may differ from one geographical location to the following. Hotch, Kim, Montgomery, and Rossi ( 1995 ) did a survey that estimated the # 8220 ; shop specific monetary value snaps of demand # 8221 ; for a concatenation of about 85 supermarkets ( Rashid 1 ) . Among the findings of this survey was that they found eleven demographic and competitory variables. These 11 variables helped to explicate around 60 seven per centum of the fluctuations in snap ( Rashid 2 ) . From these it happening it is said that if a shop is holding different monetary value snaps for a merchandise in different locations, that it should put different hard currency price reductions consequently. Estimating Price Elasticities with Theory-based Priors Price snap can be improved in demand systems that involve multiple trade names and multiple shops. # 8220 ; They treat these demand theoretical accounts in a hierarchal Bayesian model ( Montgomery 1 ) . # 8221 ; Montgomery uses anterior information based on the limitations imposed by linear public-service corporation theoretical accounts. To explicate linear public-service corporation approaches farther, monetary value snaps are driven by a general permutation parametric quantity every bit good as brand-specific outgo snaps ( Montgomery 1 ) . Along with the linear public-service corporation attack, Montgomery besides used a differential shrinking attack. Differential shrinking is when the monetary value snaps are held near to limitations of the linear public-service corporation theory and # 8220 ; store-to-store fluctuation is accommodated through differences in outgo elasticities. # 8221 ; After using these new methods, Montgomery found that there were drastic betterments over t he bing Bayesian and non-Bayesian methods ( Montgomery 1 ) . The Detailed scanner informations and pricing conditions have been made available for about every type of consumer-packaged good and all major retail formats. What does this make? It makes it possible to analyse and analyze the market construction, trade name competition, and elasticity-based attacks to optimum pricing. ( Montgomery 1 ) . After analyses on the appraisal of a demand system and the associated monetary value snaps, single shops or groups of shops can exhibit micro-pricing. This is when the person shops or the groups of shops charge different monetary values to work differences in consumer monetary value sensitiveness ( Montgomery 2 ) . Regardless of the efforts of a quantitative demand-based attack to pricing issues, it is still distant from to the full ciphering the monetary value that creates the best demand snap. This is because it is hard to acquire sensible monetary value snap estimations. Conclusion/Summary There are many different types of snaps. They can be found in merely about every retail shop. With this in head, we note that there are new and old methodological analysiss to analyze, analyse, and estimation relevant monetary value snaps. This paper was an gateway to seeing how some surveies and economic research has been taking topographic point and where. I found some of the surveies to be fiddling. This significance that the writers used originative techniques to calculate and gauge some of the snaps. I besides found it interesting how I could associate to the existent life state of affairss such as the Lottery. For illustration, when the lottery starts turn overing over it creates a ballyhoo, and the demand goes up. I was ever cognizant of this phenomenon but neer realized what it really was. Bibliography Work Cited Farrell, Lisa ; Hartley, Roger ; Lanot, Gauthier ; Walker, Ian The Demand for Lotto: The Role of Conscious Selection, Journal of Business A ; Economic Statistics, Apr2000, Vol. 18 Issue 2. Mason, Paul M. ; Steagall, Jeffrey W. , The snap of demand for lotto tickets and the corresponding public assistance effects. , Public Finance Review, Sep97, Vol. 25, Issue 5. Rashid, Muhammad ; Mitra, Devashis, Price Elasticity of Demand and an Optimum Cash Discount Rate in Credit Policy, Financial Review, Aug99, Vol. 34 Issue. Montgomery, Alan L. ; Rossi, Peter E. , Estimating Price Elasticities with Theory-based Priors, Journal of Marketing Research, Nov99, Vol. 36 Issue 4. Table of Contentss Introduction 1 The Demand for Lotto: The Role of Conscious Selection 1 The Elasticity of Demand for Lotto Tickets And the Matching Welfare Effects 3 Demand and an Optimum Cash Discount Rate in Credit Policy 4 Estimating Price Elasticities with Theory-based Priors 5 Conclusion/Summary 7 Work Cited 8

Begum Surname Meaning and Family History

Begum Surname Meaning and Family History Begum is a Muslim honorific title for, or means of addressing, a respectable lady. It did not originally develop as a surname, but over time has been adopted as a last name by many unmarried women, especially in Bangladesh and Pakistan. Begum is quickly becoming a fairly common surname in America and England. A frequency map created by James Cheshire in 2012 puts Begum as the most popular surname in Londons  Tower Hamlets and south Camden neighborhoods. Surname Origin:  Muslim Alternate Surname Spellings:  BAIGUM, BEGAM Famous People With the Begum Last Name Hamida Banu Begum - Wife of the  second Mughal Emperor, Humayun, and mother of Mughal Emperor, Akbar.Mehnaz Begum - Pakistani singerFatma Begum -  Indias first female film directorAmeena Begum - Wife of Sufi master, Inayat Khan Where Is the Begum Surname Most Common? The last name Begum  is the 191st most common surname in the world, according to surname distribution information from  Forebears. It is most prevalent in India, where it ranks as the 37th most common last name, followed by Bangladesh (50th) and Fiji (92nd). Within India, the name is most prevalent in  Telangana, where it is the most common surname, followed by  Jammu and Kashmir, Pondicherry, Assam, and Delhi. WorldNames PublicProfiler  does not include surname data from India, but within Europe Begum is found most frequently in West Midlands, Yorkshire and Humberside, South East, North East and East Midlands, England. The name is also fairly common in Oslo, Norway. Genealogy Resources for the Surname BEGUM Begum Family Crest - Its Not What You ThinkContrary to what you may hear, there is no such thing as a Begum family crest or coat of arms for the Begum surname.  Coats of arms are granted to individuals, not families, and may rightfully be used only by the uninterrupted male-line descendants of the person to whom the coat of arms was originally granted. FamilySearch - BEGUM GenealogyExplore over 340,000  results from digitized  historical records and lineage-linked family trees related to the Begum surname on this free website hosted by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. GeneaNet - Begum RecordsGeneaNet includes archival records, family trees, and other resources for individuals with the Begum surname, with a concentration on records and families from France and other European countries. The Begum Genealogy and Family Tree PageBrowse genealogy records and links to genealogical and historical records for individuals with the Begum surname from the website of Genealogy Today. Ancestry.com: Begum SurnameExplore over 260,000  digitized records and database entries, including census records, passenger lists, military records, land deeds, probates, wills and other records for the Begum surname on the subscription-based website, Ancestry.com. References: Cottle, Basil.  Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967. Dorward, David.  Scottish Surnames. Collins Celtic (Pocket edition), 1998. Fucilla, Joseph.  Our Italian Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 2003. Hanks, Patrick and Flavia Hodges.  A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989. Hanks, Patrick.  Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003. Reaney, P.H.  A Dictionary of English Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1997. Smith, Elsdon C.  American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997

Alcohol-Related Car Accident R essays

Alcohol-Related Car Accident R essays The success of the M.A.D.D. and S.A.D.D. prevention programs has had a decreasing effect on drinking and driving. At the same time, however the car accident alcohol-related death rate of middle age people is still on a rise. Despite significant reductions in the amount of the alcohol-crash problem, drinking and driving continues to present a major threat to the safety of all road users. About one third of deaths among people between the ages of 15 to 24 are the results of motor vehicle-related crashes. Studies have been done in high schools nationwide on the patterns of alcohol use. These studies have reported that 17 percent of students have participated in drinking and driving one or more times. The odds of drinking and driving have increased 2.5-fold to 14-fold while incidents of drinking rose from 3 to 5 times per month to more than 20 times when compared with drinking on one or more occasions. In a similar manner, the odds rose two-fold to twelve-fold as the number of days of drinking rose five to more drinks per incident. These incidents went from once or twice per month to more than 10 days per month when compared with no binge drinking incidents. The studies also showed that students who used other drugs in addition to alcohol were 1.7 times as likely to drink and drive as students who only used alcohol. Today, a large portion of the problem, dealing with alcohol-related accidents, includes a relatively small group of persistent drunk drivers refereed to as hard-core offenders. These hard-core offenders have become widely known as one of the important portions of the drinking-driving problem. This portion has been categorized as repeatedly driving after drinking with a blood alcohol concentration of 150-200 percent or more, and has no thought on changing their behavior. Hard-core drunk drivers are proven to be mostly male and are likely to be between the ages of ...

International businss Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

International businss - Case Study Example Global market entry strategy requires intensive branding and promotion that would meet the diverse needs of various communities (Donnellan, 2014, pg.150).Besides, sound product, pricing and distribution has been critical in elevating Tommy Hilfiger to status of international firm. In this respect, promotion through global personalities and licensing brand association with great companies does wonders. The greatest challenge most firms may face is standardization across diverse market niches. In this aspect, Tommy Hilfiger has differentiated its products to fit into the cultural differences that cut across its main markets in Europe, America and Asia. Besides, Pricing has to been discriminatory to yield desired goals. Critical assessment of the operation of Tommy Hilfiger portray branding and promotion as standardized across the globed. It is evident that Tommy Hilfiger uses international and local media to promote its brands that captures children and adults in their different gender. From the case study, the company has used global cartoon entity of Disney to promote children ware. This is a global approach since the program provides a common platform for target market in which children and parents are always trapped. Working with Disney artists also explores the strategy of working with other global companies which is viewed as positive Inter-industry Corporation with significant company image boost. Considering the adult wear, Tommy Hilfiger has used global leaders in politics like Clinton, Musicians like Snoop Dog, among other renowned personalities like Beyoncà ©. It is worth to note that the people noted in Hilfiger brands promotion command global acknowledgement in various spheres of lif e (Pride & Ferrell, 2010, pg.328). In that respect, this standardized approach has helped it to cut costs on operation with consequential gain in revenue and public image. In terms of price and product, Tommy Hilfiger took a strategic measure of setting up

Lifelong Learning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

Lifelong Learning - Essay Example H G Wells was correct when he said that 'the whole of human history is a battle between education and catastrophe' (cited in Fischer, 2000, p. 265). Those of us immersed in a lifelong learning culture can all sense that the new millennium brings with it the opportunity for a new beginning. But we can all see, as well, the scale of the task ahead just to make it happen, perhaps starting in our own communities and branching out from there with new understandings, new persuasions, new insights, new wisdom. Thanks to inter-governmental organizations-UNESCO, OECD, APEC, the Council of Europe, The European Commission and others - and some of the more enlightened liberal democracies, the lifelong learning movement is now rampaging around the whole world, from Europe to South Africa and from North America to Japan, like a benign educational plague. It is the future-and it is not before time. In Lifelong Learning, written 12 years ago, Longworth and Davies suggested eight reasons why lifelong learning is particularly appropriate for this age. But nine years is a long time in a lifelong learning world. While some are still as relevant as on the day they were written, it is time to update the rest to take into account the changes in the meanwhile: Fundamental global demographics-in the rich developed world, ageing, more mobile, more multicultural and multi-ethnic societies which could release high inter-racial and inter-generational social tensions and a reduced investment in welfare programmes through a fall in working, and an increase in retired, populations. By contrast, in the poorer parts of the world a massive population growth exacerbating already chronic shortages of resource and education and condemning vast numbers of people to live at subsistence level and below... The pervasive influence of television and the media on the development of peoples' thoughts, ideas and perceptions. Television has an enormously powerful effect on people. Where it is in the hands of those who would use it as an instrument of propaganda, whether raw or subtle, as happens in both poor and rich countries, it can be used to foster hatred and intolerance. Where it is used purely as an instrument of entertainment, it can, through trivialization and ignorance of real issues, have an equally insidious effect on the ability of people to make informed choices. As an occasional, independent, instrument of education it could be used to transform nations into dynamic, well-educated and flexible lifelong learning societies (Marsick, 1998, p. 119). Environmental imperatives - the depletion of the world's resources and the need for renewable energy, the destruction of ecosystems and the demand for sustainable development. There is a crucial need to educate continually all the world's people in environmental matters as a basis for the survival of species on earth and to be inventive and innovative about how environmental information is kept constantly in the forefront of popular consciousness. In other words, the need for a lifelong learning approach to a lifelong survival issue (Swedburg & Ostiguy 1998, p. 27). These are issues affecting every society and they propagate a view of lifelong learning as a global phenomenon, entirely consonant with the reality of governmental perceptions.

Adopting Single Currency in ASEAN Region: Analysis

Adopting Single Currency in ASEAN Region: Analysis Question 1 1.1 Introduction Euro (â‚ ¬) currency was created in 1957 and the single currency provides many benefits to the euro region. For an example, Euro currency eliminated exchange costs and fluctuation risks. It gives stability of economic to the euro region, so it allows government to have better long term planning for future. In addition, economic stability also helps to reduce uncertainty and increase investment, so it gives advantages to the businesses as well. As businesses gain advantages from economic stability, it also give benefits to the citizen as it provides more job and better quality jobs. Furthermore, with a single currency, it is less risky and more cost-effective when doing business within the euro area as there is one large integrated market. Besides that, it promotes cross-border trade and all kind of investments as the price can be compare easily when using the same currency. (N/A, 2014) Thus, the successful of implementing a single currency of euro (â‚ ¬) arise the interest to t he topic of whether other region can successfully adopting common approaches. Especially for ASEAN region as ASEAN is one of the region that economic acceleration is much positive. However, there is always a question whether ASEAN can successfully implemented a common currency, as euro currency in European Union. We have to look at the challenges of adopting a single currency for ASEAN economic in order to identify whether ASEAN region is suitable to make such approaches. Content 1.2.1 Intra-Regional Trade First of all, substantial intra-regional trade is one of the key challenges to adopt single currency for Asia. Big volume of inter-transaction within Asia will enhance the currency of countries in Asia. However, countries in Asia done more trading with countries where outside the region, approximately 75% more than countries in Asia. Therefore, Asia countries are worried for their currencies stability against international currencies if they adopt a single currency. Asia countries can import more goods and services from countries outside the region than intra-regional countries only if their total exports is greater than total imports. (Lee, 2009) To sum up, Asean region have to increase their transaction within their regional area before implement a single currency in order to stabilize Asean currency. 1.2.2 Economic Development Besides that, Asean countries have different economic development, their GDPs and per capita income levels are different to one another countries. For instance, per capita income of Singapore is approximately 350 times more than poor country like Myanmar’s. In addition, countries in the region area like China, India and Indonesia are part of the largest countries in the world, yet they show big income differentials. It is difficult to bear a similar monetary management with such a big income differentials. (Lee, 2009) 1.2.3 Monetary System Market Integration Moreover, monetary integration is another big challenge to adopt single currency for Asean region. Monetary integration refer to central banks and governments of the region countries would have less control over monetary policies and fiscal policies. However, some countries are just not ready for such integration as monetary policy is an important tool to stimulate economy. For instance, countries are not able to use tools such as interest rates to address cyclical needs. (Lee, 2009) For further explanation, every country have different economic objectives, for an example, some countries in the region are suffering recession and some countries are suffering an inflation. Thus, expansionary policies are needed for some countries to address recession, and contractionary policies are needed for some countries to address inflation, but ASEAN central bank can only implement one monetary policy at one time. Therefore, there is a huge problem among the union. In addition, countries like Jap an and Korea such developed country have maintain tight restrictions on labor mobility. However, Governments of region countries have to implement policies which allow for greater mobility for labor and capital across within the region borders in order to manage a common currency. However, it is hard to transfers large-scale of resource across national borders as at the union level, governments will have less centralized budget. In addition, Asean is desire to set limits on the fiscal deficits for each country due to experience from European. Hence, country can only respond to country specific shocks by using limited fiscal policies. (Madhur, 2002) 1.2.4 Financial System Other than that, a strong financial systems and markets are required to manage a common currency. It required a strong institutional support as well, but Asean currently does not have such institutions to deal with those threat to the financial sector. (Lee, 2009) Unlike Europe, Europe have established a wide range of institutions such as European Commission, European Council and the European Central Bank to control regional reserve. Somehow, it is a big challenge to Asean to develop such infrastructure. (Madhur, 2002) 1.2.5 Macroeconomic Disturbance Furthermore, the cost of adopting a single currency is domestic central bank have to give up the power to control monetary policy and the currency have to control by ASEAN central bank. However, every countries have different rates of inflation as economic conditions are different. Therefore, it is hard for ASEAN central bank to control all the ASEAN area by implementing a policy and problems may occur if one or two countries failed to adjust interest rates to meet the demands. For an example, the lesson from European debt crisis, European Union is currently discussing whether Greece should return to its own monetary policy that regulated by Greek Central Bank and leave the Euro zone. Meanwhile, there are same situation in the ASEAN as ASEAN nations have two different economic power groups. For instance, the first groups are those nations which are advanced economies such as Brunei, Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, Singapore and Philippines. The second groups are those nations which ar e least developed such as Laos, Vietnam, Myanmar and Cambodia. This two group have big difference in terms of income per capital. For an example, income per capital of Singapore have approximately 350 times more than Myanmar. In addition, Myanmar have high inflation rates and Laos have high unemployment rates. Therefore, it is difficult to address the problems with a same monetary policy as the differentials of inflation rate and unemployment rate between one country and another. (Sidjaja, 2011) Impact of single currency to Asean economy 1.3.1 Positive implications On the other hand, implement a single currency for Asean economic community would have bring positive effect to the Asean region. Eliminate transaction costs is one of the benefits of implementing a common currency. With a single currency, countries or businesses can save transaction cost when trading within the region as the cost of exchanging currency is no longer needed. For instance, Malaysia citizens can travel or do investment in region area like Singapore, Thailand, Japan and others by using Asean currency. Transaction costs are eliminated as exchange for other currencies are not needed when trading within region area. Therefore, it helps to promote trade within regional area as it is easier to trade by using a single currency. In addition, single currency also allow businesses to have better planning as it eliminated the fluctuation cost. Otherwise, businesses could incur high cost by fluctuation cost. For an example, a company in Malaysia decide to sign a shipping service fr om company in Singapore with a five year deal which cost 10,000 SGD per month. At that time, the exchange rate was 1.00 SGD to 2.00 MYR, so the company in Malaysia have to pay 20,000 MYR per month. However, SGD have appreciated against MYR as the exchange rate was 1.00 SGD to 2.7 MYR, which result company in Malaysia have to pay 27,000 MYR because of the fluctuation cost. Hence, investment would increases with using single currency as firms can have a better business planning. Besides that, single currency makes it easier to compare price of products and services across countries in regional area, which encourage more trading within regional area. As a result, increases in competition, and economic efficiency improved. (Sanno, 2010) 1.3.2 Cost of adopting Single Currency The biggest cost of implementing a common currency is countries have to give up their national sovereignty. They are no longer able to implement own monetary policy in their country. This could result some problems to certain countries in the region as monetary policy only can implemented once at one time. As the example of European Union, European central bank cannot address the problems of Greece which suffering of high inflation because if European central bank implement a contractionary policy intend to address high inflation in Greece, it would lead another negative effect to other countries in Europe like Spain where the country currently suffer from recession and having high unemployment rate. 1.4 Conclusion To sum up, adopting a single currency have pros and cons. A single currency would promotes economic growth of Asean region as transaction costs and fluctuation costs are eliminated which increases trade and investment within the region and attract investors from outside the region. However, countries have to give up for their national sovereignty as monetary policies will be implemented by Asean Central Bank. Despite that, there are several challenges that Asean region have to deal with in order to implement a successful single currency such as intra-regional trade, economic development, monetary systems market integration, financial system and macroeconomic disturbance. From the view of those challenges, Asean region is just not ready yet to implement a single currency as Asean intra-regional trade is not strong enough. In addition, economic development in the region have too big differentials, for instance, Singapore compare to Myanmar. Besides that, some countries like Myanmar an d Laos are not ready to give up their national sovereignty yet because Myanmar is currently suffering high inflation rates and Laos is suffering high unemployment rates. Moreover, Asean still need some time to develop a strong financial system to meet the infrastructure like in European Union. Last but not least, Asean is also not ready to deal with macroeconomic disturbance yet as some countries are having high inflation rates, whereas some countries are having high unemployment rates. Thus, it will not be a wised move to adopt a single currency for Asean as member countries in Asean still have a lot in uncommon. As the lessons from Euro crisis, issues in a weak economy country could affect the strong performing country. (Penh, 2012) Asean should adopt a single currency in no rush, otherwise similar consequences would occurred again in Asean region. Question 2 2.1 Introduction The three key macroeconomic factors are inflation, unemployment, and forex. Policymakers always implement many kind of policies to deal with those macroeconomic factors. These three key macroeconomics factors could lead to further global financial crisis if policymakers do not implemented proper policies to address. For instance, when economy reached the peak, high inflation may hit on the economy. Therefore, policymakers have to implement contractionary policy in order to deal with high inflation. On the other hand, when economy is suffering from recession, high unemployment rate would occur. So that, policymakers have to implement expansionary policy to address high unemployment rate. Moreover, when economy comes to globalization, fluctuation of exchange rates might be too high. Hence, policymakers have to used certain currency reserve to stabilize the exchange rates. However, policymakers sometime just did not see through illusion of business cycle, as a result lead to financial c risis. Stock markets are crucial to financial crisis as when stock markets collapse, countries could suffer from financial crisis. Macroeconomic factors such as inflation, unemployment, and forex would affect the firm value, stock returns and risk assessment. Content 2.2.1 Inflation Inflation means that overall price levels increase sustainably. Inflation does affect firms’ performance as inflation incur costs on firms. With the inflation, firms have to spend more money on raw materials. For an example, Air Asia have to pay more money for the jet fuel if the price of jet fuel goes up. In addition, employee demand more wages as inflation lower down their standard of living. Jet fuel and wages are two major costs for Air Asia. Increases in price of jet fuel and wages also mean that cost of Air Asia increased. Therefore, Air Asia would increase price of airline tickets as well to sustain their profitability. In this situation, cost of the services increased and price of the services also increased. However, demand for airline tickets decrease due to the theory of demand, as price goes up, demand comes down. Hence, revenue of Air Asia decreases. In addition, the risk goes up because revenue of Air Asia might not able to afford to pay loans and costs. As risk goes up, default risk goes up as well. Besides that, provision of doubtful debt increases because debtors might also not able to settle the debt as revenue of debtors are also decreases. As the result, share price comes down. As the share price comes down, firm value also decreases. Moreover, inflation could also affect stock returns. Stock returns are the dividend paid by issuer to the stockholders. Most probably rise of inflation would reduce the stock returns as drop in revenue of company. Company can afford to pay same amount of dividends while suffering inflation only if company is able to ensure their earnings are keeping pace with the growth rate of inflation. However, it is unlikely as most of the revenue of companies would decreased. (n/a, 2012) Furthermore, inflation also affect the risk assessment of a company as inflation brings different degree of risks. First of all, when the economy is having high inflation rates, central bank would implemented contractionary policy t o address inflation. Therefore, quantity of money supply in economy would decreases and thus, low purchasing power in economy. Hence, companies should focus on market in abroad rather than domestic country. For example, Air Asia should offer more of their flight services to other strong purchasing power countries like China, Singapore, Korea and others. As economy is suffering from high inflation, revenue of companies are expected to reduce. Therefore, company should have cut down their cost. For an example, Air Asia would have to cut numbers of staff and closed certain area in airport. In addition, companies should not only focus on offering a single product or service in order to diversify the risk. For instance, Air Asia not only offer flight services but also selling tax free chocolate, alcohol, and others product. Therefore, when the inflation hit on the input price of jet fuel, Air Asia is still able to gain some revenue. Share price of companies are expected to drop when hit by inflation. Hence, the possibility of shareholders sell all of his shares are high, so companies should have prepared funds to buy back those share to maintain the share price as much as possible; otherwise the company would panic. 2.2.2 Unemployment Unemployment refers to people who currently do not have a job, but willing to work. Unemployment bring many impacts on firms. First of all, high unemployment mean there is less disposal income in economy. People don’t get income when they do not have a job. Hence, the spending power in the economy is weak. On the other hand, cost of wages would decrease as there are too much surplus of labor supply in the economy when there is high unemployment. Reason decline of wages is because of the competition for a job. People is willing to accept lower wages to get a job. Decreases in cost of wages is one of the element to get better profits, but in high unemployment situation, revenue and profits of company would fall as the purchasing power is low. Therefore the risk of company increases as company might not able to settle down the liability because revenue of company is not enough to cover. Hence, default risk of company increases as rises of risk of company. In addition, provision o f doubtful debt might increases as other companies might also face similar difficulties which they can’t afford to pay their debt. At the end, the share price of company would falls because of the poor business performance of company. Share price of company falls lead to firm value falls. Besides that, unemployment also affect stock returns, when suffering from depression, most of the companies would not pay a single sen to their shareholders as they need to gather up their capital to deal with uncertainty or set to make expansion. So that, stock returns are zero at this situation. Other than that, unemployment also affect the risk assessment of a country. High unemployment have some specific risks. First, central bank would implemented expansionary policy to deal with high unemployment. At the same time, government is eager to address unemployment problem as soon as possible because taxes receive by government falls and national economic is weak. At this stage, central bank may reduce the interest rates which intend to lend out money to firms for expansion and thus, deploy labor. In addition, wages of labor is cheap. Therefore, the risk to expand the businesses of firms are low as firms can enjoy cheap interest rates and cheap labor wages. Moreover, it is risky to offer normal or luxury goods and services since most of the people can’t afford to enjoy such goods and services. Instead, firms should offer more inferior goods which most of people can afford. Besides that, firms should hire security guards in the working area in order to eliminate risk of crime. Such social problems happened frequently, especially when depression. For example, every Rolex retail shop have deploy at least two security guards to keep their shop safe and avoid robbery. (Riley, 2009)